Mustard contains two antioxidants of interest: isothiocyanates and sinigrin. Isothiocyanates, the oil responsible for giving the pungent taste found in mustard, has anti-cancer capabilities for breast, lung, GI tract, and prostate cancers. However, the mechanism remains unclear and more research is needed to conclude the efficacy of mustard's health benefits related to cancer.

Isothiocyanates may also play a role in diabetes management, reduce bad cholesterol to provide cardiovascular protective effects and neurological benefits that may help people with autism. But, similar to the cancer benefits, more research is needed. The other antioxidant mustard contains is sinigrin, which is a precursor for isothiocyanates until it is damaged or smashed. When this happens an enzyme turns it into isothiocyanates or mustard oil. Research shows this antioxidant has anti-cancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties.